Cities like Nashville are getting hotter due to the “urban heat island” effect, where buildings, roads, and other surfaces trap heat and raise temperatures, especially in certain neighborhoods. This project examines which factors make some areas more vulnerable to extreme heat than others. Using data from sources such as the U.S. Census, FEMA, and local energy providers, the study looks at how building density, tree coverage, income levels, and poverty rates relate to heat risk across Nashville neighborhoods. The findings show that heat vulnerability is not evenly distributed. Areas with higher poverty rates and lower incomes tend to face greater heat-related risks, while more densely built and urbanized areas also experience higher temperatures. Interestingly, tree coverage, often seen as a key solution, did not show a strong effect in this study, suggesting that where and how trees are distributed may matter more than how many there are overall. Overall, the results highlight that heat risk is shaped by both the physical environment and social inequalities. Addressing extreme heat in cities like Nashville will require coordinated efforts that combine urban planning, environmental design, and social policy.

This project helps communities understand which neighborhoods are most at risk from extreme heat and why. By highlighting the role of income, poverty, and urban development, it can guide more targeted and equitable solutions. Ultimately, the findings support efforts to make neighborhoods safer, healthier, and more resilient to rising temperatures.